Need help to cure hiatal hernia with nature cure?

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Saya didiagnosis dengan hiatus hernia dan perut borok dan saya padaku diresepkan GP Nexium 40 mg per hari. Aku heran ia tidak bekerja dan gejala semakin parah

Sejak kemarin pagi, saya mengalami kesulitan dalam pernapasan dan sakit di bagian dada kanan atas.

Mamahan siapa pun silakan menyarankan pengobatan alami / penyembuhan tentang hiatus hernia?

Saya akan sangat menghargai bantuan Anda.

Salah satu artikel terbaik saya telah melihat mengenai hernia hiatus dan penyembuhan dapat ditemukan dari CureZone di sini:

http://curezone.com/dis/1.asp?C0=180

Selain perubahan gaya hidup dan latihan yang direkomendasikan dari situs di atas, Anda dapat minum teh Jintan. Benar-benar membantu.

Membuat teh dari 1 tsp. dari Caraway benih dan 8 ons air mendidih. Biarkan curam selama 8 sampai 10 menit, dan minum setelah makan.

Sejauh sakit maag, saya menemukan sebuah artikel bagus dari eHow pada bisul perut. Dulu aku punya borok sendiri, dan sebagian besar obat ini benar-benar membantu.

Berikut adalah link ke artikel:

http://www.ehow.com/how_2099314_treat-stomach-ulcers-natural-remedies.html?ref=fuel&utm_source=yahoo&utm_medium=ssp&utm_campaign=yssp_art

1. Meningkatkan konsumsi buah-buahan segar dan sayuran, terutama jus. Sehat diet makanan mentah adalah yang paling penting dalam pengobatan alami, terutama yang mempengaruhi pencernaan. Penting bahwa Anda makan makanan yang tubuh Anda dapat dengan mudah mencerna, memastikan bahwa Anda menerima semua vitamin dan mineral tubuh Anda perlu untuk menjaga keseimbangan.

2. Membatasi hyperacidity pemicu yang menyebabkan di dalam perut untuk mencegah dan menenangkan radang perut. Hal-hal seperti makanan pedas, alkohol, kopi, tembakau dan makan terlalu banyak dapat meningkatkan kadar asam klorida dalam lambung, menyebabkan dan memperburuk tukak lambung.

3. Makan pisang, salah satu Ibu Pertiwi solusi alami terbaik untuk radang perut. Pisang menetralkan asam klorida dalam lambung, mengurangi gejala menyakitkan tukak lambung. Makan dua pisang dengan segelas susu tiga kali sehari untuk menenangkan refluks asam dan mencegah gangguan lebih lanjut.

4. Membuat apel infus daun kayu untuk menghilangkan rasa sakit dan ketidaknyamanan yang disebabkan oleh radang perut. Rendam apel 15 g daun kayu dalam 250 ml air semalam. Keesokan paginya, saring daun dari air dan minum.

5. Fenugreek minum teh dua kali sehari untuk melindungi lapisan lambung dan usus. Fenugreek biji, digunakan dalam banyak obat-obatan alami, sangat mucilaginous dan akan melapisi lambung dan usus, ketika mereka melalui tubuh Anda, baik untuk mencegah dan menenangkan radang perut. Rebus satu cangkir air dan menghapus dari panas. Tambahkan 1 sdt. dari biji fenugreek, memungkinkan untuk curam selama 5 menit sebelum tegang dan minum.

6.Reduce stres, yang dapat memicu tukak lambung. Mendapatkan banyak olahraga ringan untuk membantu rileks dan menghilangkan racun dari tubuh. Mendapatkan teratur pijat, berlatih yoga, meditasi atau Tai Chi bisa membantu mengurangi stres dan membantu mencegah masalah lebih lanjut dari radang perut.

Secara pribadi, saya minum jus kubis, lidah buaya dan klorofil (tidak semua dicampur bersama. Minum secara terpisah sepanjang hari.)

Sebagian besar apotek membawa klorofil dan lidah buaya. Jus kubis sendiri menggunakan Inggeris, dan minum 4 - 4oz. gelas per hari. Berikut adalah artikel dari Happy Juicer yang menjelaskan hal ini:

http://www.happyjuicer.com/juicing-information/cabbage-juice-ulcers.asp

I hope this helps!

http://www.reikispirithealer.com

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I am diagnosed with hiatal hernia and stomach ulcer and my GP prescribed me Nexium 40 mg per day. I wonder it is not working and symptoms getting worse

Since yesterday morning, I have difficulty in breathing and pain in upper right chest part.

Cud anybody please advise natural treatment/cure about hiatal hernia?

I will really appreciate your help.

One of the best articles I have seen regarding a hiatal hernia and the cures can be found from CureZone here:

http://curezone.com/dis/1.asp?C0=180

Besides the lifestyle changes and exercises recommended from the site above, you can drink Caraway tea. It really helps.

Make a tea of 1 tsp. of Caraway seeds and 8 ounces of boiling water. Let steep for 8 to 10 minutes, and drink after meals.

As far as stomach ulcers, I found a wonderful article from eHow on stomach ulcers. I used to have ulcers myself, and most of these remedies really do help.

Here is the link to the article:

http://www.ehow.com/how_2099314_treat-stomach-ulcers-natural-remedies.html?ref=fuel&utm_source=yahoo&utm_medium=ssp&utm_campaign=yssp_art

1. Increase your intake of fresh fruits and vegetables, particularly juices. A healthy raw food diet is the most important ingredient in natural remedies, particularly those effecting digestion. It is important that you eat foods that your body can easily digest, ensuring that you receive all of the vitamins and minerals your body need to maintain balance.

2. Limit the triggers that cause hyperacidity in the stomach to prevent and soothe stomach ulcers. Things such as spicy foods, alcohol, coffee, tobacco and overeating can increase the levels of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, causing and worsening peptic ulcers.

3. Eat bananas, one of Mother Earth’s best natural remedies for stomach ulcers. Bananas neutralize the hydrochloric acid in the stomach, reducing the painful symptoms of peptic ulcers. Eat two bananas with a glass of milk three times a day to soothe acid reflux and prevent further aggravation.

4. Make an infusion of wood apple leaves to relieve pain and discomfort caused by stomach ulcers. Soak 15g of wood apple leaves in 250 ml of water overnight. The next morning, strain the leaves from the water and drink.

5. Drink fenugreek tea twice a day to protect the lining of the stomach and intestines. Fenugreek seeds, used in many natural remedies, are highly mucilaginous and will coat the stomach and intestines as they pass through your body, both preventing and soothing stomach ulcers. Boil one cup of water and remove from heat. Add 1 tsp. of fenugreek seeds, allowing to steep for 5 minutes before straining and drinking.

6.Reduce stress, which can trigger peptic ulcers. Get lots of gentle exercise to help relax and eliminate toxins from the body. Getting regular massage, practicing yoga, meditation or Tai Chi can all help reduce your stress and help prevent further problems from stomach ulcers.

Personally, I drank cabbage juice, aloe vera and chlorophyll (not all mixed together. Drank separately throughout the day.)

Most pharmacies carry chlorophyll and aloe vera. Juice the cabbage yourself using a juicer, and drink 4- 4oz. glasses a day. Here is an article from the Happy Juicer that explains this:

http://www.happyjuicer.com/juicing-information/cabbage-juice-ulcers.asp

I hope this helps!

http://www.reikispirithealer.com

HULBAH MENGOBATI HERBIA DAN GINJAL

INSYA ALLAH BIN MUHSIN FENUGREEK BISA MENCEGAH DAN MENGOBATI HERNIA. AMIN.

UNTUK PEMESANAN HUBUNGI BIN MUHSIN
HP: 085227044550 Tlp: 021-91913103 SMS ONLY: 081213143797
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Jumat, 17/07/2009 17:55 WIB
Klabet Mungil Untuk Kari
Eka Septia - detikFood

Jakarta - Warnanya kuning sedikit oranye, bentuknya kecil dengan tekstur yang sedikit keras. Tapi jangan remehkan karena bentuknya, karena rempah ini punya segudang manfaat. Apa saja sih?

Fenugreek atau lebih di kenal dengan istilah klabet kalau di Indonesia, merupakan salah satu rempah yang cukup langka dengan rasa yang sedikit pedas. Fenugreek ini biasa digunakan jika kita ingin memasak makanan seperti kari. Di negara-negara lain juga dapat ditemukan fenugreek namun dengan istilah yang berbeda.

Seperti Mentya di Kanada, dan Vendayam orang Tamil menamainya. Bijinya yang berbentuk persegi berwarna kuning inilah yang digunakan untuk membuat acar, pasta, ataupun bumbu kari. Dan biasanya dijadikan bumbu tambahan dalam beberapa masakan India.

Tak hanya sebagai bumbu tambahan pada masakan, di India biji fenugreek juga digunakan untuk campuran membuat yoghurt dan juga digunakan untuk membuat kondisioner untuk rambut. Fenugreek juga dipercaya dapat membantu mengatasi penyakit diabetes dan menjadi salah satu bahan membuat roti di Ethiopia.

Berbeda dengan di India, fenugreek yang sudah direbus dan diberi sedikit tambahan gula digunakan sebagai teh oleh masyarakat Mesir. Minuman ini sangat populer di kedai-kedai kopi saat musim dingin tiba.

Biji fenugreek kaya akan polysaccharide galactomannan. Yang biasnaya digunakan untuk membuat es krim agar tidak cepat meleleh. Di dalam pengobatan tradisional Cina, fenugreek biasa disebut dengan Hu Lu Ba digunakan untuk mengobati penyakit ginjal dan juga hernia dingin.

( eka / Odi )

Tetap update informasi di manapun dengan http://m.detik.com dari browser ponsel anda!

BAGAIMANA HULBAH BISA MENGOBATI HERNIA,

UNTUK PEMESANAN HUBUNGI BIN MUHSIN
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Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is a plant in the family Fabaceae. Fenugreek is used both as a herb (the leaves) and as a spice (the seed). It is cultivated worldwide as a semi-arid crop. It is frequently used in curry.

Contents [hide] 1 History 2 Production 3 Use 3.1 Cuisine 3.2 Lactation 4 Seeds 5 News 6 References 7 External links

History

The name "fenugreek" or foenum-graecum is from Latin for "Greek hay". The Gujarati name is Methi (मेथी) or Methya (मेथ्या). The Kannada name is "menthya" (ಮೆಂತ್ಯ). The Tamil name for it is "Vendayam" (வெந்தயம்). The Telugu name for it is "Menthulu" (మెంతులు). The Malayalam name is "Uluva" (ഉലുവ).In Sinhala it is called Uluhaal (උළුහාල්). (In Oriya, Bangla, Punjabi, Urdu and Hindi it is called Methi (मेथी) (Bangla: মেথী ),(Urdu: میتھی). In Persian it is Shanbalîleh (شنبليله), and in Arabic its name is Hilbeh (حلبة). The Malay language borrows the term halba from Arabic. The plant's similarity to wild clover has likely spawned its Swedish name, "bockhornsklöver" as well as in German - "Bockshornklee" , literally meaning 'ram's horn clover'. Zohary and Hopf note that it is not yet certain which wild strain of the genus Trigonella gave rise to the domesticated fenugreek but believe it was brought into cultivation in the Near East. Charred fenugreek seeds have been recovered from Tell Halal, Iraq, (radiocarbon dating to 4000 BC) and Bronze Age levels of Lachish, as well as desiccated seeds from the tomb of Tutankhamen.^[2] Cato the Elder lists fenugreek with clover and vetch as crops grown to feed cattle (De Agri Cultura, 27).

Production

Major fenugreek producing countries are India, Pakistan, Argentina, Egypt, France, Spain, Turkey, Morocco and China. India is the largest producer of fenugreek in the world where Rajasthan, Gujarat, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Haryana and Punjab are the major fenugreek producing states. Rajasthan produces the lion's share of India's production by accounting for over 80% of the nation's total fenugreek output. Qasoori Methi, more popular for its appetizing fragrance, comes from Qasur, Pakistan, and regions irrigated by the Sutlej River, in the Indian and Pakistani states of Punjab. (sources: T. Jilani PhD, Arizona, DASD 2007) ^[3][4]

^Cuisine

The cuboid yellow to amber coloured fenugreek seeds, commonly called maithray, are frequently used in the preparation of pickles, curry powders, and pastes, and the spice is often encountered in the cuisine of the Indian subcontinent. The seeds are used as seasoning for many dishes or in powdered form to mix with rice, since the health benefits of added seeds (or leaves) to the diet, in moderate quantities, is considerable. The young leaves and sprouts of fenugreek are eaten as greens, and the fresh or dried leaves are used to flavour other dishes. The dried leaves (called kasturi methi) have a bitter taste and a characteristically strong smell.

Fenugreek green is a very popular curry cooked in the major sub-continental region of India and Pakistan, usually together with potatoes and/or spinach, and eaten with Roti or Naan (flatbread) and/or rice. It is usually eaten boiled in China, and central and Western Asia.

In India, fenugreek seeds are mixed with yogurt which is used as hair conditioner. It is also one of the ingredients of khakhra, a type of bread. It is used in injera/taita, a type of bread unique to Eritrean and Ethiopian cuisine. The word for fenugreek in Amharic is abesh, and the seed is reportedly also often used in Ethiopia as a natural herbal medicine in the treatment of diabetes. It is also sometimes used as an ingredient in the production of clarified butter (Amharic: qibé, Ethiopian and Eritrean Tigrinya: tesme), which is similar to Indian ghee. In Turkey, fenugreek gives its name, çemen, to a hot paste used in pastırma. The same paste is used in Egypt for the same purpose. The Arabic word hulba حلبة (Helba in Egypt) for the seed resembles its Mandarin Chinese counterpart hu lu ba. In Yemen it is the main condiment and an ingredient added to the national dish called saltah. Fenugreek, or shanbalîleh شنبليله in Persian, is also one of four herbs used for the Iranian recipe Ghormeh Sabzi.

In Egypt, fenugreek seeds are prepared as tea, by being boiled then sweetened. This is a popular winter drink served in coffee shops. In other parts of the Middle East fenugreek is used in a variety of sweet confections. A cake dessert known as Helba in the Islamic world is a tasty treat during Islamic holidays. This is a semolina cake covered in sugar or maple-like syrup, and sprinkled with fenugreek seeds on top.

Yemeni Jewry often prepare a foamy substance from fenugreek seeds that they add to soups. Additionally, it is a key ingredient besides salt found in their unleavened bread, used for the Festival of Passover. Some Jews customarily eat fenugreek during the meal of the first and/or second night of Rosh Hashana (The New Year).^[5]

In Bulgaria, fenugreek seeds are used as one of the ingredients in a traditional spice mixture called sharena sol (шарена сол).

In the United States, where maple syrup is popular but expensive, fenugreek is widely used in lower-cost syrup products as a maple syrup flavoring such as Mapleine.

Lactation

Fenugreek seeds are thought to be a galactagogue that is often used to increase milk supply in lactating women.^[6] Because the maple syrup-like flavor is strong and not always liked, the seeds are ground to a powder and administered in capsules. Many lactating women who take fenugreek in the quantities required to increase their milk supply notice that their skin exudes a distinct "maple syrup" odor.

Seeds

Dried fenugreek seed

Fenugreek seeds are a rich source of the polysaccharide galactomannan. They are also a source of saponins such as diosgenin, yamogenin, gitogenin, tigogenin, and neotigogens. Other bioactive constituents of fenugreek include mucilage, volatile oils, and alkaloids such as choline and trigonelline.

Fenugreek seeds are used as a herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine under the name Hu Lu Ba. In TCM it warms and tonifies kidneys, disperses cold and alleviates pain. Main indications are cold hernia, pain in the groin. It's used raw or toasted.

Fenugreek is frequently used in the production of flavoring for artificial maple syrups. The taste of toasted fenugreek, like cumin, is additionally based on substituted pyrazines. By itself, fenugreek has a bitter taste.

In the Malay language fenugreek is known as halba (from the Arabic). The seeds are often included in the preparation of a traditional dessert called butir nangka, which is very popular around Ramadan.

Fenugreek seed is widely used as a galactagogue (milk producing agent) by nursing mothers to increase inadequate breast milk supply. Studies have shown that fenugreek is a potent stimulator of breastmilk production and its use was associated with increases in milk production of as much as 900%.^[7] It can be found in capsule form in many health food stores.^[8]

Supplements of fenugreek seeds were shown to lower serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein in human patients and experimental models of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia , although the benefits of lowering serum cholesterol in and of itself is controversial (see statins)^{[citation needed]}. Several human intervention trials demonstrated that the antidiabetic effects of fenugreek seeds ameliorate most metabolic symptoms associated with type-1 and type-2 diabetes in both humans and relevant animal models by reducing serum glucose and improving glucose tolerance.^[9] Fenugreek is currently available commercially in encapsulated forms and is being prescribed as dietary supplements for the control of hypercholesterolemia and diabetes by practitioners of complementary and alternative medicine.

News

In February 2009, the International Frutarom Corporation factory in North Bergen, New Jersey, United States, was discovered to be the source of a maple syrup-like smell that had wafted throughout New York City intermittently since 2005. The odor was found to be an ester associated with fenugreek seed processing. No health risks have been found.^[10]

References

1. ^ "Trigonella foenum-graecum information from NPGS/GRIN". www.ars-grin.gov. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?40421. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
2. ^ Daniel Zohary and Maria Hopf, Domestication of plants in the Old World, third edition (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 122.
3. ^ V. A. Parthasarathy, K. Kandinnan and V. Srinivasan, ed. Organic Spices. New India Publishing Agenies. pp. 694.
4. ^ Statistics
5. ^ This is based on the assumption that the Aramaic name רוביא corresponds to it. (Karetot 6a; Horiyot 12a) Rabbenu Nissim at the end of Rosh Hashana, citing the custom of R Hai Gaon. This follows Rashi's translation of רוביא, cited as authoritative by Tur and Shulchan Aruch OC 583:1. But Avudraham interprets רוביא as black-eyed peas.
6. ^ Chantry, Caroline J.; Howard, Cynthia R.; Montgomery, Anne; Wight, Nancy (2004) (^{[dead link]} – ^{Scholar search}), Use of galactogogues in initiating or augmenting maternal milk supply, The Academy Of Breastfeeding Medicine, http://www.bfmed.org/ace-files/protocol/prot9galactogoguesEnglish.pdf
7. ^ http://www.breastfeeding.org/articles/fenugreek.html
8. ^ http://www.breastfeeding.com/all_about/all_about_fenugreek.html
9. ^ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2194788 Effect of fenugreek seeds on blood glucose and serum lipids in type I diabetes
10. ^ http://abclocal.go.com/wabc/story?section=news/local&id=6642803 abclocal.go.com

Look up fenugreek in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

External links

• Gernot Katzer's spice dictionary - Fenugreek
• Ghormeh Sabzi, an Iranian recipe using fenugreek leaves
• http://www.kellymom.com/herbal/milksupply/fenugreek.html
• Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center - About Herbs, Botanicals & Other Products
• Encyclopedia of Spices

FENUGREEK / HULBAH MENCEGAH DAN MENGOBATI HERNIA

INSYA ALLAH BIN MUHSIN FENUGREEK --- FENUGREEK / HULBAH MENCEGAH DAN MENGOBATI HERNIA

UNTUK PEMESANAN HUBUNGI BIN MUHSIN
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Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), seorang anggota keluarga kacang polong, adalah tanaman tahunan yang tumbuh dari empat sampai 20 inci tinggi dan memiliki bunga berwarna kuning pucat. Nama botani fenugreek berarti "Yunani jerami," karena itu digunakan pada satu waktu untuk aroma jerami berkualitas buruk. Tanaman asli wilayah Mediterania, Ukraina, India, dan Cina. Hari ini dibudidayakan terutama di India, Maroko, Turki, dan Cina.

Fenugreek polong sekitar empat inci panjang dan mengandung hingga 20 biji per polong. Benih yang meratakan sebagian besar coklat kekuningan. Kadang-kadang muncul bibit cokelat kemerahan atau berwarna keabu-abuan, dan mereka menjadi sangat keras ketika kering. Mengandung alur diagonal yang mendalam yang membagi benih menjadi dua bagian yang tidak setara. Benih-benih tersebut berbentuk belah ketupat atau flat berlian berbentuk bulat tidak teratur, sekitar tiga sampai lima milimeter panjang dan dua untuk tiga milimeter tebal dan lebar. Benih agak pahit dan pedas, dan ketika mengunyah mereka terasa lengket. Ketika diletakkan dalam air, benih membengkak dengan cepat.

Menggunakan Kuno

Asyur kuno fenugreek dibudidayakan berabad-abad sebelum zaman Kristus, dan kering biji fenugreek digunakan medicinally tradisional India, Yunani, dan Arab obat. Mesir kuno menggunakan fenugreek untuk merangsang persalinan. Benih biasanya digunakan dalam kari India, Mesir roti, dan untuk mempersiapkan pengganti kopi di Afrika utara.
Fenugreek memiliki sejarah panjang digunakan sebagai obat gastrointestinal, sebagai pencahar ringan, untuk dispepsia, dan hilangnya nafsu makan. Orang lain telah menggunakannya untuk mengobati penyakit ingusan dari saluran pernapasan bagian atas. Fenugreek juga memiliki tindakan antiseptik ringan.

Eksternal fenugreek bertindak sebagai yg melunakkan. Ia digunakan secara eksternal sebagai tapal untuk radang lokal kulit, bisul, borok kaki, dan eksim. Tapal disiapkan dengan merendam biji fenugreek bubuk dalam air panas. Hari ini menggunakan fenugreek cina untuk mengobati sakit perut, hernia, dan edema.

Efek pada Lipid Darah dan Tingkat Glukosa

Penelitian terbaru telah menyelidiki penurun kolesterol darah dan menurunkan glukosa darah sifat fenugreek benih, baik dalam mata pelajaran biasa dan pada orang dengan diabetes. Signifikan penurunan kolesterol total, kolesterol LDL dan trigliserida, tetapi tidak kadar kolesterol HDL, telah diamati di non-insulin-dependent diabetes mengkonsumsi 25 gram fenugreek per hari. Efek yang menguntungkan itu dipertahankan selama lima sampai enam bulan. Dengan hanya lima gram fenugreek sehari, puasa dan kadar glukosa darah postprandial secara signifikan berkurang pada orang-orang dengan diabetes. Hari fenugreek diakui sebagai bantuan botani yang berguna dalam perawatan penderita diabetes.

Bagi penderita diabetes yang tergantung insulin, tingkat yang lebih tinggi fenugreek diperlukan untuk mengurangi kadar glukosa darah puasa, menurunkan kadar glukosa urin, dan mengurangi kebutuhan insulin sehari-hari, serta mengurangi kolesterol LDL dan trigliserid. Menurunkan kolesterol efek fenugreek harus dianggap sebagai fitur berharga bagi diabetes yang biasanya telah mengangkat lipid darah.

Apakah Sehat Orang Benefit?

Orang yang sehat memakan fenugreek lima gram sehari selama tiga bulan tidak mengalami perubahan apa pun baik dalam darah mereka lipid atau puasa mereka atau kadar gula darah setelah makan siang. Namun, menelan kronis fenugreek selama tiga minggu tidak menghasilkan peningkatan glukosa darah dan insulin tanggapan dalam individu yang sehat.

Akhir-akhir ini diamati bahwa konsumsi 12 sampai 18 gram bubuk biji fenugreek berkecambah selama 30 hari menghasilkan penurunan yang signifikan dalam kolesterol darah dan tingkat kolesterol LDL, tetapi tidak kadar kolesterol HDL, dalam 20 orang dewasa yang memiliki kadar kolesterol normal pada awalnya. Di sisi lain, subjek dengan peningkatan kadar kolesterol darah yang mengkonsumsi bubuk biji fenugreek mengalami pengurangan yang signifikan dari total dan kolesterol LDL dan trigliserid. Sementara fenugreek berguna untuk menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah, itu tampaknya tidak mempunyai efek pada pembekuan darah.

Sebuah Paket Goodies

Biji fenugreek kaya karbohidrat, dan terutama mucilaginous serat. Serat larut ini terdiri dari galactomannans, mirip dengan properti dalam guar bahwa dari karet. Fenugreek juga mengandung berbagai kaya saponin steroid dan flavonoid. Semua zat ini dikenal untuk menurunkan kadar lemak darah. Biji fenugreek juga mengandung 4-hydroxyisoleucine, asam amino yang tidak biasa yang potentiates pelepasan insulin dari pankreas. Kemampuan fenugreek untuk meningkatkan toleransi glukosa makin diperkuat oleh konten yang kaya serat larut.

Keselamatan

Meskipun tidak ada efek samping yang telah dilaporkan, pasien diabetes harus menyadari bahwa fenugreek dapat mengganggu dengan terapi lain yang mengendalikan gula darah. Ulang fenugreek aplikasi eksternal dapat mengakibatkan reaksi kulit yang tidak diinginkan. Selain itu, penggunaannya selama kehamilan tidak disarankan.

Kesimpulan

Biji fenugreek bubuk dapat berfungsi sebagai terapi pendukung yang efektif dalam pengelolaan diabetes. Fenugreek juga memiliki darah berguna untuk mengurangi kadar lipid properti untuk kedua mata pelajaran normal dan diabetes. Hal ini juga berguna untuk kehilangan nafsu makan dan dapat digunakan secara eksternal sebagai tapal untuk radang lokal.

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Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), a member of the pea family, is an annual plant that grows from four to 20 inches in height and has pale-yellow flowers. The botanical name for fenugreek means "Greek hay," since it was used at one time to scent poor quality hay. The plant is native to the Mediterranean region, the Ukraine, India, and China. Today it is cultivated primarily in India, Morocco, Turkey, and China.

Fenugreek pods are about four inches long and contain up to 20 seeds per pod. The flattened seeds are mostly yellowish brown. Occasionally the seeds appear reddish-brown or grayish in color, and they become very hard when dried. They contain a deep diagonal groove that divides the seed into two unequal halves. The seeds are rhombic or flat diamond-shaped, irregularly rounded, about three to five millimeters long and two to three millimeters thick and wide. The seeds are somewhat bitter and spicy, and when chewed they are noticeably sticky. When placed in water, the seeds swell rapidly.

Ancient Uses

The ancient Assyrians cultivated fenugreek centuries before the time of Christ, and dried fenugreek seeds were used medicinally in traditional Indian, Greek, and Arabian medicine. Ancient Egyptians used fenugreek to induce childbirth. The seeds are commonly used in Indian curries, Egyptian bread, and to prepare a coffee substitute in northern Africa.

Fenugreek has a long history of use as a gastrointestinal remedy, as a mild laxative, for dyspepsia, and for the loss of appetite. Others have used it to treat catarrh of the upper respiratory tract. Fenugreek also has a mild antiseptic action.

Externally fenugreek acts as an emollient. It is used externally as a poultice for local inflammation of the skin, boils, leg ulcers, and eczema. The poultice is prepared by soaking the powdered fenugreek seeds in hot water. Today the Chinese use fenugreek to treat abdominal pain, hernia, and edema.

Effect on Blood Glucose and Lipid Levels

Recent studies have investigated the blood cholesterol-lowering and blood glucose-lowering properties of fenugreek seeds, both in normal subjects and in those with diabetes. Significant reductions in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels, but not HDL cholesterol levels, have been observed in non-insulin-dependent diabetics consuming 25 grams of fenugreek per day. The beneficial effects were sustained over five to six months. With only five grams of fenugreek a day, fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels were significantly reduced in those persons with diabetes. Today fenugreek is recognized as a useful botanical aid in the treatment of persons with diabetes.

For diabetics who are insulin-dependent, a higher level of fenugreek is needed to significantly reduce fasting blood glucose levels, decrease urinary glucose levels, and decrease daily insulin requirements, as well as reduce LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The cholesterol-lowering effect of fenugreek should be considered a valuable feature for the diabetic who usually has elevated blood lipids.

Do Healthy Persons Benefit?

Healthy individuals consuming five grams of fenugreek a day for three months did not experience any change either in their blood lipids or their fasting or postprandial blood sugar levels. However, the chronic ingestion of fenugreek for three weeks did produce an improvement in blood glucose and insulin responses in healthy individuals.

Recently it was observed that consumption of 12 to 18 grams of germinated fenugreek seed powder for 30 days resulted in a significant reduction in blood cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels, but not HDL cholesterol levels, in 20 adults who had normal cholesterol levels initially. On the other hand, subjects with elevated blood cholesterol levels who consumed powdered fenugreek seeds experienced significant reductions of total and LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels. While fenugreek is useful for lowering blood cholesterol levels, it does not appear to have any effect on blood clotting.

A Package of Goodies

Fenugreek seeds are rich in carbohydrates, and especially mucilaginous fiber. This soluble fiber is comprised of galactomannans, similar to properties in that of guar gum. Fenugreek also contains a rich variety of steroid saponins and flavonoids. All of these substances are known to lower blood lipid levels. Fenugreek seeds also contain 4-hydroxyisoleucine, an unusual amino acid that potentiates insulin release from the pancreas. The ability of fenugreek to improve glucose tolerance is further enhanced by its rich content of soluble fiber.

Safety

While no side effects have been reported, diabetic patients should be aware that fenugreek may interfere with other therapies that control blood sugar. Repeated external applications of fenugreek may result in undesirable skin reactions. Furthermore, its use during pregnancy is discouraged.

Conclusions

Powdered fenugreek seeds may serve as an effective supportive therapy in the management of diabetes. Fenugreek also has useful blood lipid-lowering properties for both normal and diabetic subjects. It is also useful for loss of appetite and can be used externally as a poultice for local inflammations.

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Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) adalah tanaman dalam keluarga Fabaceae. Fenugreek is used both as a herb (the leaves) and as a spice (the seed ). Fenugreek digunakan baik sebagai tanaman (daun) dan sebagai bumbu (dalam biji). It is cultivated worldwide as a semi-arid crop. Hal ini dibudidayakan di seluruh dunia sebagai semi-kering tanaman. It is frequently used in curry . Hal ini sering digunakan dalam kari.

Contents Isi 1 History 1 Sejarah 2 Production 2 Produksi 3 Use 3 Gunakan 3.1 Cuisine 3,1 Cuisine 3.2 Lactation 3,2 Laktasi 4 Seeds 4 Bibit 5 News 5 Berita 6 References 6 Referensi 7 External links 7 Pranala luar

[History / Sejarah

The name " fenugreek " or foenum-graecum is from Latin for "Greek hay". Nama "fenugreek" atau foenum-graecum adalah dari bahasa Latin untuk "Yunani jerami". The Gujarati name is Methi (मेथी) or Methya (मेथ्या). The gujarat Nama Methi (मेथी) atau Methya (मेथ्या). The Kannada name is "menthya" (ಮೆಂತ್ಯ). The Kannada nama "menthya" (ಮೆಂತ್ಯ). The Tamil name for it is "Vendayam" (வெந்தயம்). The Tamil nama untuk itu adalah "Vendayam" (வெந்தயம்). The Telugu name for it is "Menthulu" (మెంతులు). The Telugu nama untuk itu adalah "Menthulu" (మెంతులు). The Malayalam name is "Uluva" (ഉലുവ).In Sinhala it is called Uluhaal (උළුහාල්). The Malayalam nama "Uluva" (ഉലുവ). Dalam hal itu disebut Sinhalese Uluhaal (උළුහාල්). (In Oriya , Bangla , Punjabi , Urdu and Hindi it is called Methi (मेथी) (Bangla: মেথী ),(Urdu: میتھی ). In Persian it is Shanbalîleh (شنبليله), and in Arabic its name is Hilbeh (حلبة). The Malay language borrows the term halba from Arabic. The plant's similarity to wild clover has likely spawned its Swedish name, "bockhornsklöver" as well as in German - "Bockshornklee" , literally meaning 'ram's horn clover'. Zohary and Hopf note that it is not yet certain which wild strain of the genus Trigonella gave rise to the domesticated fenugreek but believe it was brought into cultivation in the Near East . Charred fenugreek seeds have been recovered from Tell Halal , Iraq , ( radiocarbon dating to 4000 BC) and Bronze Age levels of Lachish , as well as desiccated seeds from the tomb of Tutankhamen . ^{[ 2 ]} Cato the Elder lists fenugreek with clover and vetch as crops grown to feed cattle ( De Agri Cultura , 27). (Dalam Oriya, Bangla, Punjabi, Urdu dan Hindi itu disebut Methi (मेथी) (Bangla: মেথী), (Urdu: میتھی). Di Persia itu Shanbalîleh (شنبليله), dan dalam bahasa Arab nama ini Hilbeh (حلبة). The malay bahasa halba meminjam istilah dari bahasa Arab. Pembangkit's kesamaan dengan liar semanggi memiliki kemungkinan melahirkan dengan nama Swedia, "bockhornsklöver" dan juga dalam bahasa Jerman - "Bockshornklee", secara harfiah berarti 'daun semanggi tanduk domba jantan'. Zohary dan dicatat bahwa Hopf belum yang liar strain tertentu dari genus Trigonella menimbulkan fenugreek domestik tetapi percaya itu kemudian dibawa ke budidaya di Timur Dekat. hangus fenugreek benih telah pulih dari Katakan Halal, Irak, (Penanggalan radiokarbon hingga 4000 SM) dan Perunggu Umur tingkat Lakhis, serta biji kering dari makam dari Tutankhamun. ^[2] Cato the Elder lists fenugreek dengan semanggi dan vetch sebagai tanaman dewasa untuk pakan ternak (De Agri Cultura, 27).

Production/Produksi

Major fenugreek producing countries are India , Pakistan , Argentina , Egypt , France , Spain , Turkey , Morocco and China . Fenugreek negara produsen utama adalah India, Pakistan, Argentina, Mesir, Perancis, Spanyol, Turki, Maroko dan Cina. India is the largest producer of fenugreek in the world where Rajasthan , Gujarat , Uttaranchal , Uttar Pradesh , Madhya Pradesh , Maharashtra , Haryana and Punjab are the major fenugreek producing states. Rajasthan produces the lion's share of India's production by accounting for over 80% of the nation's total fenugreek output. India adalah produsen terbesar di dunia fenugreek di mana Rajasthan, Gujarat, Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Haryana dan Punjab adalah negara-negara penghasil fenugreek utama. Rajasthan menghasilkan bagian terbesar dari produksi india oleh akuntansi selama lebih dari 80% dari bangsa fenugreek total output. Qasoori Methi, more popular for its appetizing fragrance, comes from Qasur, Pakistan , and regions irrigated by the Sutlej River, in the Indian and Pakistani states of Punjab . Qasoori Methi, lebih populer untuk selera minyak wangi, berasal dari Qasur, Pakistan, dan daerah irigasi oleh Sungai Sutlej, di India dan negara Pakistan Punjab. (sources: T. Jilani PhD, Arizona, DASD 2007) ^{[ 3 ] [ 4 ]} (sumber: Jilani T. PhD, Arizona, DASD 2007) ^{[3] [4]}

Use/Penggunaan

Cuisine/Masakan

The cuboid yellow to amber coloured fenugreek seeds, commonly called maithray , are frequently used in the preparation of pickles , curry powders , and pastes , and the spice is often encountered in the cuisine of the Indian subcontinent . Yang berbentuk kubus berwarna kuning untuk ambar biji fenugreek, biasa disebut maithray, sering digunakan dalam pembuatan acar, kari bubuk, dan pasta, dan bumbu yang sering ditemui dalam masakan dari benua India. The seeds are used as seasoning for many dishes or in powdered form to mix with rice, since the health benefits of added seeds (or leaves) to the diet, in moderate quantities, is considerable. Benih-benih tersebut digunakan sebagai bumbu untuk banyak piring atau dalam bentuk bubuk bergaul dengan beras, karena manfaat kesehatan tambah biji (atau daun) untuk diet, dalam jumlah yang moderat, yang cukup besar. The young leaves and sprouts of fenugreek are eaten as greens , and the fresh or dried leaves are used to flavour other dishes. Muda daun dan kecambah dari fenugreek dimakan sebagai sayuran, dan daun segar atau kering digunakan untuk aroma masakan lainnya. The dried leaves (called kasturi methi ) have a bitter taste and a characteristically strong smell. Daun kering (disebut kasturi methi) memiliki rasa pahit dan bau yang khas yang kuat.

Fenugreek green is a very popular curry cooked in the major sub-continental region of India and Pakistan, usually together with potatoes and/or spinach, and eaten with Roti or Naan ( flatbread ) and/or rice. Fenugreek hijau yang sangat populer dimasak dalam kari besar wilayah sub-kontinen India dan Pakistan, biasanya bersama dengan kentang dan / atau bayam, dan dimakan dengan Roti atau naan (flatbread) dan / atau beras. It is usually eaten boiled in China, and central and Western Asia. Biasanya dimakan direbus di Cina, dan pusat dan Asia Barat.

In India , fenugreek seeds are mixed with yogurt which is used as hair conditioner. Di India, biji fenugreek dicampur dengan yoghurt yang digunakan sebagai kondisioner rambut. It is also one of the ingredients of khakhra , a type of bread. Ini juga merupakan salah satu dari bahan khakhra, jenis roti. It is used in injera /taita, a type of bread unique to Eritrean and Ethiopian cuisine. Digunakan dalam injera / taita, jenis roti yang unik untuk Eritrea dan Ethiopia masakan. The word for fenugreek in Amharic is abesh , and the seed is reportedly also often used in Ethiopia as a natural herbal medicine in the treatment of diabetes . The word for fenugreek in Amharic is abesh, dan benih dilaporkan juga sering digunakan di Ethiopia sebagai jamu alami dalam pengobatan diabetes. It is also sometimes used as an ingredient in the production of clarified butter (Amharic: qibé , Ethiopian and Eritrean Tigrinya : tesme ), which is similar to Indian ghee . Hal ini juga kadang-kadang digunakan sebagai bahan dalam produksi clarified butter (Amharic: qibé, Ethiopia dan Eritrea tigrinya: tesme), yang mirip dengan Indian ghee. In Turkey , fenugreek gives its name, çemen , to a hot paste used in pastırma . Dalam Turki, fenugreek memberikan namanya, cemen, untuk pasta panas digunakan dalam pastırma. The same paste is used in Egypt for the same purpose. Pasta yang sama digunakan di Mesir untuk tujuan yang sama. The Arabic word hulba حلبة ( Helba in Egypt) for the seed resembles its Mandarin Chinese counterpart hu lu ba . The Arab kata hulba حلبة (Helba di Mesir) untuk benih yang menyerupai cina Mandarin counterpart hu lu ba. In Yemen it is the main condiment and an ingredient added to the national dish called saltah . Dalam Yaman itu adalah bumbu utama dan bahan ditambahkan ke hidangan nasional yang disebut saltah. Fenugreek, or shanbalîleh شنبليله in Persian , is also one of four herbs used for the Iranian recipe Ghormeh Sabzi . Fenugreek, atau shanbalîleh شنبليله di Persia, adalah juga salah satu dari empat rempah-rempah yang digunakan untuk Iran resep Ghormeh sabzi.

In Egypt , fenugreek seeds are prepared as tea , by being boiled then sweetened. Di Mesir, biji fenugreek disiapkan sebagai teh, kemudian direbus dengan manis. This is a popular winter drink served in coffee shops. Ini adalah musim dingin yang populer minuman yang disajikan di kedai kopi. In other parts of the Middle East fenugreek is used in a variety of sweet confections. Di bagian lain Timur Tengah fenugreek digunakan dalam berbagai permen manis. A cake dessert known as Helba in the Islamic world is a tasty treat during Islamic holidays. Sebuah kue pencuci mulut yang dikenal sebagai Helba di dunia Islam adalah lezat memperlakukan Islam selama liburan. This is a semolina cake covered in sugar or maple-like syrup, and sprinkled with fenugreek seeds on top. Ini adalah kue semolina ditutupi gula atau seperti sirup mapel, dan ditaburi dengan biji fenugreek di atas.

Yemeni Jewry often prepare a foamy substance from fenugreek seeds that they add to soups. Yahudi Yaman sering menyiapkan berbusa substansi dari biji fenugreek bahwa mereka ditambahkan ke sup. Additionally, it is a key ingredient besides salt found in their unleavened bread, used for the Festival of Passover. Selain itu, ini adalah bahan utama selain garam ditemukan dalam roti yang tidak beragi, yang digunakan untuk Festival Paskah. Some Jews customarily eat fenugreek during the meal of the first and/or second night of Rosh Hashana (The New Year). ^{[ 5 ]} Beberapa orang Yahudi terbiasa makan fenugreek selama makan pertama dan / atau malam kedua Rosh Hashana (Tahun Baru). ^[5]

In Bulgaria , fenugreek seeds are used as one of the ingredients in a traditional spice mixture called sharena sol (шарена сол). Di Bulgaria, biji fenugreek digunakan sebagai salah satu bahan dalam campuran rempah-rempah tradisional yang disebut sharena sol (шарена сол).

In the United States , where maple syrup is popular but expensive, fenugreek is widely used in lower-cost syrup products as a maple syrup flavoring such as Mapleine. Di Amerika Serikat, di mana sirup maple populer tapi mahal, fenugreek secara luas digunakan dalam biaya lebih rendah produk sirup sebagai flavoring sirup maple seperti Maplein

Lactation /Laktasi

Fenugreek seeds are thought to be a galactagogue that is often used to increase milk supply in lactating women. ^{[ 6 ]} Because the maple syrup-like flavor is strong and not always liked, the seeds are ground to a powder and administered in capsules . Biji fenugreek diperkirakan menjadi galactagogue yang sering digunakan untuk meningkatkan suplai susu dalam hamil dan menyusui. ^[6] Karena sirup maple seperti rasa yang kuat dan tidak selalu suka, bibit tanah untuk bubuk dan diberikan dalam kapsul. Many lactating women who take fenugreek in the quantities required to increase their milk supply notice that their skin exudes a distinct "maple syrup" odor. Banyak wanita menyusui yang mengambil fenugreek dalam jumlah yang diperlukan untuk meningkatkan pasokan susu mereka menyadari bahwa mereka memancarkan kulit yang berbeda "sirup mapel" bau

Seeds

Dried fenugreek seed Dried fenugreek seed

Fenugreek seeds are a rich source of the polysaccharide galactomannan . Fenugreek biji merupakan sumber yang kaya dari polisakarida galactomannan. They are also a source of saponins such as diosgenin , yamogenin , gitogenin , tigogenin , and neotigogens . Mereka juga merupakan sumber saponin seperti diosgenin, yamogenin, gitogenin, tigogenin, dan neotigogens. Other bioactive constituents of fenugreek include mucilage , volatile oils , and alkaloids such as choline and trigonelline . Bioaktif lainnya konstituen dari fenugreek termasuk lendir, minyak volatile, dan alkaloid seperti kolin dan trigonelline.

Fenugreek seeds are used as a herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine under the name Hu Lu Ba. Biji fenugreek digunakan sebagai ramuan dalam Pengobatan Tradisional Cina di bawah nama Lu Hu Ba. In TCM it warms and tonifies kidneys, disperses cold and alleviates pain. Dalam PTC tonifies menghangatkan dan ginjal, menyebar dingin dan mengurangi rasa sakit. Main indications are cold hernia , pain in the groin. Indikasi utama dingin hernia, nyeri pada pangkal paha. It's used raw or toasted. It's digunakan mentah atau dipanggang.

Fenugreek is frequently used in the production of flavoring for artificial maple syrups . Fenugreek sering digunakan dalam produksi bahan penyedap untuk buatan sirup maple. The taste of toasted fenugreek, like cumin , is additionally based on substituted pyrazines . Rasa panggang fenugreek, seperti jintan, adalah tambahan berdasarkan digantikan pyrazines. By itself, fenugreek has a bitter taste. Dengan sendirinya, fenugreek memiliki pahit rasa.

In the Malay language fenugreek is known as halba (from the Arabic ). Dalam bahasa malay fenugreek dikenal sebagai halba (dari Arab). The seeds are often included in the preparation of a traditional dessert called butir nangka , which is very popular around Ramadan . Benih sering dimasukkan dalam penyiapan makanan penutup tradisional yang disebut butir nangka, yang sangat populer di bulan Ramadan.

Fenugreek seed is widely used as a galactagogue (milk producing agent) by nursing mothers to increase inadequate breast milk supply. Fenugreek benih secara luas digunakan sebagai galactagogue (susu menghasilkan agen) oleh ibu menyusui tidak memadai untuk meningkatkan ASI pasokan. Studies have shown that fenugreek is a potent stimulator of breastmilk production and its use was associated with increases in milk production of as much as 900%. ^{[ 7 ]} It can be found in capsule form in many health food stores. ^{[ 8 ]} Penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa fenugreek adalah stimulator poten dari produksi ASI dan penggunaannya dikaitkan dengan peningkatan produksi susu sebanyak 900%. ^[7] Hal ini dapat ditemukan dalam bentuk kapsul di banyak toko-toko makanan kesehatan. ^[8]

Supplements of fenugreek seeds were shown to lower serum cholesterol , triglyceride , and low-density lipoprotein in human patients and experimental models of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia , although the benefits of lowering serum cholesterol in and of itself is controversial (see statins ) ^{[ citation needed ]} . Suplemen biji fenugreek diperlihatkan untuk menurunkan kolesterol serum, trigliserida, dan low-density lipoprotein pada pasien manusia dan model eksperimental hiperkolesterolemia dan hipertrigliseridemia, meskipun manfaat menurunkan kolesterol serum dalam dan dari dirinya sendiri adalah kontroversial (lihat statin) ^[rujukan?] . Several human intervention trials demonstrated that the antidiabetic effects of fenugreek seeds ameliorate most metabolic symptoms associated with type-1 and type-2 diabetes in both humans and relevant animal models by reducing serum glucose and improving glucose tolerance. ^{[ 9 ]} Fenugreek is currently available commercially in encapsulated forms and is being prescribed as dietary supplements for the control of hypercholesterolemia and diabetes by practitioners of complementary and alternative medicine. Beberapa intervensi manusia percobaan menunjukkan bahwa efek antidiabetic biji fenugreek memperbaiki gejala paling metabolik yang berhubungan dengan tipe-1 dan tipe-2 diabetes pada manusia dan hewan model yang relevan dengan mengurangi serum glukosa dan meningkatkan toleransi glukosa. ^[9] Fenugreek saat ini tersedia secara komersial dalam bentuk enkapsulasi dan sedang diresepkan sebagai suplemen diet untuk kontrol hiperkolesterolemia dan diabetes oleh para praktisi pengobatan komplementer dan alternatif.

News / Berita

In February 2009, the International Frutarom Corporation factory in North Bergen, New Jersey , United States, was discovered to be the source of a maple syrup -like smell that had wafted throughout New York City intermittently since 2005. Pada bulan Februari 2009, yang Frutarom International Corporation pabrik di North Bergen, New Jersey, Amerika Serikat, telah ditemukan untuk menjadi sumber dari sirup maple seperti bau yang menguar di seluruh New York City berselang sejak tahun 2005. The odor was found to be an ester associated with fenugreek seed processing. Bau ditemukan untuk menjadi ester yang berhubungan dengan pengolahan biji fenugreek. No health risks have been found. ^{[ 10 ]} Tidak ada risiko kesehatan telah ditemukan. ^[10]

References / Referensi

1. ^ "Trigonella foenum-graecum information from NPGS/GRIN" . ^ "Trigonella foenum-graecum informasi dari NPGS / GRIN". www.ars-grin.gov . http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?40421 . www.ars-grin.gov. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?40421. Retrieved 2008-03-13 . Diperoleh 2008/03/13.
2. ^ Daniel Zohary and Maria Hopf, Domestication of plants in the Old World , third edition (Oxford: Oxford University Press , 2000), p. ^ Daniel Zohary dan Maria Hopf, Domestication tanaman di Old World, edisi ketiga (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), h. 122. 122.
3. ^ VA Parthasarathy, K. Kandinnan and V. Srinivasan, ed. Organic Spices . ^ VA Parthasarathy, K. Kandinnan dan V. Srinivasan, ed. Organic Spices. New India Publishing Agenies. New India Publishing Agenies. pp. 694. hal. 694.
4. ^ Statistics ^ Statistik
5. ^ This is based on the assumption that the Aramaic name רוביא corresponds to it. ^ Hal ini didasarkan pada asumsi bahwa nama Aram רוביא sesuai dengan itu. (Karetot 6a; Horiyot 12a) Rabbenu Nissim at the end of Rosh Hashana, citing the custom of R Hai Gaon. (Karetot 6a; Horiyot 12a) Rabbenu Nissim pada akhir Rosh Hashana, mengutip kebiasaan R Hai Gaon. This follows Rashi's translation of רוביא, cited as authoritative by Tur and Shulchan Aruch OC 583:1. Berikut ini terjemahan Rashi's רוביא, dikutip sebagai otoritatif oleh Tur dan Shulchan Aruch OC 583:1. But Avudraham interprets רוביא as black-eyed peas. Tapi Avudraham menafsirkan רוביא sebagai kacang polong hitam.
6. ^ Chantry, Caroline J.; Howard, Cynthia R.; Montgomery, Anne; Wight, Nancy (2004) ( ^{[ dead link ]} – ^{Scholar search} ), Use of galactogogues in initiating or augmenting maternal milk supply , The Academy Of Breastfeeding Medicine , http://www.bfmed.org/ace-files/protocol/prot9galactogoguesEnglish.pdf ^ Chantry, Caroline J.; Howard, Cynthia R.; Montgomery, Anne; Wight, Nancy (2004) ^{([dead link]} - ^{Scholar pencarian),} Penggunaan galactogogues dalam memulai atau menambah pasokan air susu ibu, The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine, http://www.bfmed.org/ace-files/protocol/prot9galactogoguesEnglish.pdf
7. ^ http://www.breastfeeding.org/articles/fenugreek.html ^ Http://www.breastfeeding.org/articles/fenugreek.html
8. ^ http://www.breastfeeding.com/all_about/all_about_fenugreek.html ^ Http://www.breastfeeding.com/all_about/all_about_fenugreek.html
9. ^ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2194788 Effect of fenugreek seeds on blood glucose and serum lipids in type I diabetes ^ Http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2194788 Efek biji fenugreek glukosa darah dan serum lipid dalam tipe I diabetes
10. ^ http://abclocal.go.com/wabc/story?section=news/local&id=6642803 abclocal.go.com ^ Http://abclocal.go.com/wabc/story?section=news/local&id=6642803 abclocal.go.com

Look up fenugreek in Wiktionary , the free dictionary. Lihat fenugreek di Wiktionary, ensiklopedia kamus. External links Pranala luar

• Gernot Katzer's spice dictionary - Fenugreek Gernot Katzer's rempah kamus - Fenugreek
• Ghormeh Sabzi, an Iranian recipe using fenugreek leaves Ghormeh sabzi, resep Iran menggunakan daun fenugreek
• http://www.kellymom.com/herbal/milksupply/fenugreek.html http://www.kellymom.com/herbal/milksupply/fenugreek.html
• Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center - About Herbs, Botanicals & Other Products Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center - About Herbs, Botanicals & Produk Lainnya
• Encyclopedia of Spices Encyclopedia of Spices